As mobile networks evolve toward 6G, openness and flexibility are becoming core design principles. One major example of this shift is Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN), which replace traditional, closed network components with open, software-driven ones from multiple vendors. While this openness brings innovation and competition, it also introduces new security challenges that must be carefully addressed.
This is the focus of the first Proof of Concept 1 (PoC#1) within the MARE project, which studies critical security attacks targeting O-RAN systems and explores how such attacks can be detected and mitigated.
Why O-RAN Security Matters
In traditional mobile networks, radio access components are tightly integrated and centrally controlled. O-RAN changes this by separating hardware and software and allowing different vendors to provide different parts of the system. These components communicate through standardized, open interfaces.
While this approach increases flexibility and reduces costs, it also means that more interfaces are exposed, creating additional opportunities for attackers to interfere with network operations. If these critical interfaces are compromised, essential network services – such as mobile connectivity, emergency communications, or industrial applications, could be disrupted.
PoC#1 addresses this risk, by focusing on attacks that target critical O-RAN control and management functions.
What PoC#1 Investigates
Detecting and Responding to Attacks
A key goal of PoC#1 is to demonstrate how security monitoring and analysis mechanisms can detect abnormal behavior in O-RAN systems. When something unusual happens – such as unexpected control messages or abnormal traffic patterns, the network should be able to recognize that a potential attack is underway.
Once detected, the system can trigger protective actions, such as isolating affected components, limiting the impact of the attack, or alerting network operators. These responses help ensure that the network remains operational even under hostile conditions.
Supporting Trust in Open Networks
PoC#1 contributes directly to one of MARE’s central goals – which is to build trust in future open and programmable networks. O-RAN is expected to play a major role in 6G, but its success depends on strong, built-in security mechanisms that can keep pace with its flexibility.
By identifying realistic attack scenarios and validating protection mechanisms, PoC#1 helps ensure that openness does not come at the cost of reliability or safety.
A Foundation for Secure 6G Infrastructure
The results of PoC#1 will provide valuable insights for network operators, vendors and researchers working with O-RAN technologies. It will show how critical network functions can be protected and how security can be embedded directly into next-generation network architectures.
Within the broader MARE project, PoC#1 lays the groundwork for secure, resilient and trustworthy 6G radio networks that can embrace openness while remaining robust against evolving cyber threats.
